Perspectives of plant-associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation

ResearchreviewpaperPerspectivesofplant-associatedmicrobesinheavymetalphytoremediationM.Rajkumara,⁎,S.Sandhyaa,M.N.V.Prasadb,H.FreitascaNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute(NEERI),CSIRComplex,Taramani,Chennai600113,IndiabDepartmentofPlantSciences,UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad500046,IndiacCentreforFunctionalEcology,DepartmentofLifeSciences,UniversityofCoimbra,Coimbra,3000–455,PortugalabstractarticleinfoAvailableonline9May2012Keywords:PhytoremediationHeavymetalsRhizospherebacteriaEndophyticbacteriaMycorrhizalfungiSiderophoresOrganicacidsBiosurfactants1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacidPhytoremediationknow-howtodo-howisrapidlyexpandingandisbeingcommercializedbyharnessingthephyto-microbialdiversity.Thistechnologyemploysbiodiversitytoremove/containpollutantsfromtheair,soilandwater.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenaconsiderableknowledgeexplosioninunderstandingplant-microbes-heavymetalsinteractions.Novelapplicationsofplant-associatedmicrobeshaveopeneduppromisingareasofresearchinthefie